Why your shoes beat his own toys
Your worn shoes carry the strongest version of your scent your dog can find, they are soft enough to sink teeth into, and they are usually lying exactly where he spends his time. A pair of trainers left by the door is, from his side, a chew toy that smells like his favourite person and arrives fresh every day. Puppies add teething discomfort to that list, and adult dogs often chew hardest when they are under-exercised or left alone with an empty afternoon. None of that is defiance. He has not learned that leather, laces and soles belong in a different category from the rope toy two feet away, and he cannot learn it while the experiment stays available.
Make shoes boring by making them disappear
The fastest early win is pure management: every pair of shoes, slippers and boots goes behind a closed door, into a lidded bench or up on a rack he cannot reach. Tell everyone who enters the house, because one guest's kicked-off shoes reset the lesson. While shoes are scarce, make the legal options plentiful and well placed: a chew by his bed, one near the sofa and one where he waits while you cook. If you find him with a shoe anyway, swap rather than scold. Offer the chew, take the shoe without a chase, and put it away. A chase turns the shoe into a game, and scolding after the fact only teaches him to chew where you cannot see him.
Teach what to chew, not just what to avoid
Set him up to be caught being right. When he picks up an approved chew on his own, praise him warmly and occasionally trade it for a treat before giving it back, so human attention attaches to the right object. Rotate three or four chews rather than leaving a dozen out, because a toy that reappears after a break holds his interest far better than one that has sat in the corner for weeks. For a teething puppy, offer a chilled damp cloth knotted for chewing during the sorest stretches of the day, and expect the shoe habit to fade as the adult teeth settle, provided the management stayed tight.
Protect your footwear while the habit fades
Expect temptation at predictable moments: when you come home and kick your shoes off, when visitors leave theirs in the hall, and on rainy days when his walk was short and his energy is not spent. A tired dog with an occupied mouth rarely hunts for soles, so on those days add a sniffing game or a scatter of treats in the grass before he settles indoors. Check chewed shoes for missing pieces, and if he has swallowed laces, sole fragments or anything sharp, or he vomits, drools or goes off his food afterwards, contact your vet promptly rather than waiting to see. To keep the new system from depending on one person's memory, KinsLe puts the shoe storage spots and chew rotation into Care Teams, so each family member can see the routine and tick off the restock duty when it is done.